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''Tapejara'' (from a Tupi word meaning "the old being") is a genus of Brazilian pterosaur from the Cretaceous Period (Santana Formation, dating to about 108 Ma ago). ''Tapejara'' crests consisted of a semicircular crest over the snout, and a bony prong which extended back behind the head. ==Species and classification== The type species and only one currently recognized as valid by most researchers, ''T. wellnhoferi'', is the smallest species to have been assigned to ''Tapejara'' and does not preserve evidence of soft-tissue crest extensions. The specific name honours German paleontologist Peter Wellnhofer. A second species, originally named ''Tapejara imperator'' ("emperor"), is much larger and possessed a crest made up of distinctively long prongs, projecting from the rounded snout crest and the back of the skull, which supported a large, possibly rounded sail-like crest of keratin. A third species, ''Tapejara navigans'' ("sailing"), was mid-sized and sported a similar crest to ''T. imperator'', though narrower and more dome-shaped, that lacked the backwards-pointing bony support prong. Several studies in 2007 showed that ''T. imperator'' and ''T. navigans'' are too different from ''T. wellnhoferi'' and therefore require their own genus names. The species ''T. imperator'' was given its own genus, ''Tupandactylus'', by Kellner and Campos. Unwin and Martill found that ''T. imperator'' and ''T. navigans'' belong in the same genus, and named them ''Ingridia imperator'' and ''I. navigans'', respectively. The genus name honoured Wellnhofer's late wife Ingrid.〔Unwin, D. M. and Martill, D. M. (2007). "Pterosaurs of the Crato Formation." In Martill, D. M., Bechly, G. and Loveridge, R. F. (eds), ''The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World.'' Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), pp. 475-524.〕 Because ''Tupandactylus'' was named first, it retains priority over the name ''Ingridia''. To complicate matters, both the name ''Tupandactylus'' and ''Ingridia'' used the former ''Tapejara imperator'' as their type species.〔Naish, D. (2008). "Crato Formation fossils and the new tapejarids." Weblog entry. ''Tetrapod Zoology''. 18 January 2008. Accessed 31 January 2008 (http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2008/01/crato_formation_tapejarids.php).〕 The scientists who described ''Tupandactylus'' did not name a ''Tupandactylus navigans'' (but instead suggested it was synonymous to ''Tupandactylus imperator''), and ''Tapejara navigans'' was not formally reclassified as a distinct species of ''Tupandactylus'' until 2011.〔Pinheiro, F.L., Fortier, D.C., Schultz, C.L., De Andrade, J.A.F.G. and Bantim, R.A.M. (in press). "New information on ''Tupandactylus imperator'', with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae (Pterosauria)." ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'', in press, available online 03 Jan 2011. 〕 The cladogram below follows the 2011 analysis of Felipe Pinheiro and colleagues.〔 |2= }} }} }} }} }} }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tapejara (pterosaur)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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